Lancemaside A from Codonopsis lanceolata Modulates the Inflammatory Responses Mediated by Monocytes and Macrophages
Figure 6
Effect of lancemaside A on the activation of transcription factors and their upstream signaling cascades. (a) The phosphoprotein levels of p65, c-Jun, and c-Fos in the whole cell lysates of TNF--treated U937 cells were determined by immunoblotting analysis. ((b) and (c)) The phosphoprotein and total protein levels of IB, IKK, AKT, ERK, JNK, and -actin from the cell lysates were determined by immunoblotting analysis. (d) The kinase activities of IKK and IKK were determined by a direct kinase assay using purified enzymes. The value of the control, which received vehicle treatment, was set as 100% activity for each enzyme (IKK or IKK). versus control.
