Long-Term Home Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Increases Systemic Inflammatory Response in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Prospective Observational Study
Table 1
Baseline features.
Long-term oxygen therapy
Noninvasive ventilation
value
Before matching
Age (years)
72 (66–78)
69 (64–74)
0.091
Male gender
23 (51.1%)
21 (43.8%)
0.477
Diabetes mellitus
7 (15.6%)
7 (14.6%)
1.0
Arterial hypertension
36 (80.0%)
46 (95.8%)
0.018
Smoking status
4 (8.9%)
3 (6.2%)
0.709
Cor pulmonale
11 (24.4%)
11 (22.9%)
1.0
Long-acting muscarinic agent only
2 (4.4%)
1 (2.1%)
0.609
Long-acting beta2 agonist only
0
1 (2.1%)
1.0
Inhalatory corticosteroid only
0
0
1.0
Long-acting beta2 agonist plus inhalatory corticosteroid
6 (13.3%)
4 (8.3%)
0.515
Long-acting muscarinic agent, plus long-acting beta2 agonist and inhalatory corticosteroid
37 (82.2%)
41 (85.4%)
0.676
Oxygen therapy (L/min)
2.0 (2.0–3.0)
2.5 (2.0–3.0)
0.059
FEV1 (% predicted)
30.0 (23.5–34.5)
27.5 (23.0–34.8)
0.467
FVC (% predicted)
52.0 (47.0–63.0)
50.0 (42.8–57.0)
0.120
FEV1/FVC (%)
54.0 (48.0–61.5)
57.0 (50.0–63.5)
0.385
pH
7.36 (7.34–7.38)
7.35 (7.34–7.37)
0.125
PO2 (mm Hg)
72.2 (62.5–84.4)
72.4 (66.6–80.9)
0.756
PCO2 (mm Hg)
55.6 (48.7–61.9)
57.8 (52.9–67.3)
0.086
Oxygen saturation (%)
93.6 (92.8–95.4)
93.9 (92.6–96.1)
0.732
White blood cells (cell number × 103/mL)
8.00 (6.85–9.59)
7.73 (6.25–8.48)
0.227
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (%)
71.3 (66.0–75.4)
66.4 (60.4–73.1)
0.020
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)
<0.05
<0.05
1.0
After matching
Age (years)
71 (66–77)
70 (64–73)
0.390
Male gender
15 (50.0%)
16 (53.3%)
0.796
Diabetes mellitus
4 (13.3%)
3 (10.0%)
1.0
Arterial hypertension
29 (96.7%)
29 (96.7%)
1.0
Smoking status
2 (6.7%)
1 (3.3%)
1.0
Cor pulmonale
8 (26.7%)
9 (30.0%)
0.774
Long-acting muscarinic agent only
1 (3.3%)
1 (3.3%)
1.0
Long-acting beta2 agonist only
0
0
1.0
Inhalatory corticosteroid only
0
0
1.0
Long-acting beta2 agonist plus inhalatory corticosteroid
4 (13.3%)
2 (6.7%)
0.671
Long-acting muscarinic agent, plus long-acting beta2 agonist and inhalatory corticosteroid
25 (83.3%)
27 (90.0%)
0.706
Oxygen therapy (L/min)
3.0 (2.0–4.3)
2.3 (2.0–3.0)
0.837
FEV1 (% predicted)
27.5 (22.8–32.5)
28.0 (23.8–35.0)
0.695
FVC (% predicted)
51.5 (44.8–61.5)
50.0 (45.0–57.0)
0.351
FEV1/FVC (%)
54.0 (47.0–61.3)
59.0 (50.0–64.3)
0.228
pH
7.36 (7.33–7.37)
7.35 (7.34–7.36)
0.466
PO2 (mm Hg)
68.5 (62.4–80.1)
73.3 (68.0–81.0)
0.176
PCO2 (mm Hg)
55.7 (48.7–61.4)
57.8 (54.2–64.1)
0.139
Oxygen saturation (%)
93.4 (92.8–94.8)
94.1 (93.0–96.0)
0.228
White blood cells (cell number × 103/mL)
8.03 (6.68–9.83)
7.72 (5.73–8.38)
0.154
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (%)
72.2 (67.2–75.5)
66.0 (60.2–70.7)
0.011
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)
<0.05
<0.05
1.0
reported as median (1st–3rd quartile) or (%) and compared with Mann-Whitney -test, chi-squared test, or Fisher’s exact test.
