Long-Term Home Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Increases Systemic Inflammatory Response in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Prospective Observational Study
Table 3
Baseline features according to pH.
Long-term oxygen therapy
Noninvasive ventilation
P value
pH < 7.35
Age (years)
69 (64–78)
67 (62–72)
0.426
Male gender
6 (42.9%)
10 (58.8%)
0.376
Diabetes mellitus
3 (21.4%)
3 (17.6%)
1.0
Arterial hypertension
12 (85.7%)
17 (100%)
0.196
Smoking status
1 (7.1%)
1 (5.9%)
1.0
Cor pulmonale
2 (14.3%)
3 (17.6%)
1.0
Long-acting muscarinic agent only
2 (14.3%)
1 (5.9%)
0.576
Long-acting beta2 agonist only
0
0
1.0
Inhalatory corticosteroid only
0
0
1.0
Long-acting beta2 agonist plus inhalatory corticosteroid
0
0
1.0
Long-acting muscarinic agent plus long-acting beta2 agonist and inhalatory corticosteroid
12 (85.7%)
16 (94.1%)
0.576
Oxygen therapy
2.3 (2.0–3.3)
2.0 (2.0–3.0)
0.672
FEV1 (% predicted)
30.5 (25.0–32.5)
24.0 (20.0–31.0)
0.209
FVC (% predicted)
56.5 (43.8–61.5)
48.0 (40.5–52.0)
0.108
FEV1/FVC (%)
51.0 (46.3–61.3)
55.0 (45.5–62.5)
0.633
pH
7.32 (7.31–7.33)
7.33 (7.31–7.34)
0.382
PO2 (mm Hg)
73.6 (66.3–83.9)
72.0 (66.0–79.0)
0.648
PCO2 (mm Hg)
64.2 (55.1–67.5)
67.9 (59.2–71.0)
0.266
Oxygen saturation (%)
94.4 (93.2–95.6)
93.3 (91.5–95.4)
0.275
White blood cells (cell number × 103/mL)
7.67 (6.74–9.47)
7.60 (5.45–8.46)
0.147
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (%)
69.9 (67.2–73.6)
66.4 (61.6–72.3)
0.137
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)
<0.05
<0.05
1.0
pH ≥ 7.35
Age (years)
72 (66–76)
70 (65–74)
0.139
Male gender
17 (54.8%)
11 (35.5%)
0.126
Diabetes mellitus
4 (12.9%)
4 (12.9%)
1.0
Arterial hypertension
24 (77.4%)
29 (93.5%)
0.147
Smoking status
3 (9.7%)
2 (6.5%)
1.0
Cor pulmonale
9 (29.0%)
8 (25.8%)
0.776
Long-acting muscarinic agent only
0
0
1.0
Long-acting beta2 agonist only
0
1 (3.2%)
1.0
Inhalatory corticosteroid only
0
0
1.0
Long-acting beta2 agonist plus inhalatory corticosteroid
6 (19.4%)
4 (12.9%)
0.490
Long-acting muscarinic agent plus long-acting beta2 agonist and inhalatory corticosteroid
25 (80.6%)
25 (80.6%)
1.0
Oxygen therapy
2.0 (2.0–2.5)
3.0 (2.0–4.0)
0.015
FEV1 (% predicted)
30.0 (23.0–37.0)
31.0 (26.0–36.0)
0.893
FVC (% predicted)
51.0 (48.0–64.0)
52.0 (46.0–60.0)
0.490
FEV1/FVC (%)
57.0 (49.0–62.0)
59.0 (51.0–65.0)
0.434
pH
7.37 (7.36–7.39)
7.36 (7.35–7.38)
0.013
PO2 (mm Hg)
71.8 (62.4–85.2)
74.0 (67.0–83.9)
0.593
PCO2 (mm Hg)
53.8 (46.8–57.5)
56.0 (50.6–60.3)
0.141
Oxygen saturation (%)
93.3 (92.6–95.5)
94.1 (93.0–96.7)
0.239
White blood cells (cell number × 103/mL)
8.04 (6.84–9.68)
7.80 (6.71–8.87)
0.573
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (%)
72.1 (64.9–75.6)
65.6 (60.2–73.9)
0.077
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)
<0.05
<0.05
1.0
reported as median (1st–3rd quartile) or (%) and compared with Mann-Whitney -test, chi-squared test, or Fisher’s exact test.
