Estrogen Signaling in Metabolic Inflammation

Table 1

Comparison between the effects of ovariectomy and estrogen reposition for metabolic inflammation-related processes. 11beta-HSD1, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

Ovariectomy	Reversal by estrogen treatment	References
Increases adipose tissue accumulation, mainly visceral, with increased adipocyte size	Yes; Inhibition of key adipogenic genes, downregulation of lipoprotein lipase, and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and fatty acid synthase	[126, 187]
Increases lipoprotein lipase and lipid deposition in adipocytes	Yes	[177]
Increases food intake	Yes	[12, 50]
Reduces brain leptin sensitivity	Yes	[127]
Results in Insulin resistance and glucose intolerance	Yes	[127, 128, 187]
Promotes hepatic steatosis	Yes	[187]
Elevates low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and fatty acids	Yes	[127]
Elevates proinflammatory markers	Yes; However, increased transcription of inflammatory mediators induced by high-fat diet in the liver and visceral AT-interpreted as a dissociation between the metabolic and inflammatory effects	[127, 129, 187]
Increases hepatic 11beta-HSD1 activity and upregulates 11beta-HSD1 expression in visceral adipose tissue	Yes	[93, 214, 215]
Increases visceral compared to subcutaneous 11beta-HSD1	Increases subcutaneous compared to visceral 11beta-HSD1