Paeonol (Pae) attenuates the activation of ERK, JNK, and NF-κB signaling by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cells were exposed to medium alone or 3% CSE for 6 ((a), (b)) or 12 hours (c) with pretreatment with Pae (0.4 mM) or the vehicle of Pae. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. versus control. versus CSE without Pae pretreatment.