Review Article
Regulation of Hemichannels and Gap Junction Channels by Cytokines in Antigen-Presenting Cells
Table 1
Effect of different cytokines on GJCs and HCs in different antigen-presenting cells.
| Cytokine(s) | Cell type | Effect on Cx or Panx expression | Effect on GJCs, HCs and technique used |
| TNF-α | DCs | =Cx43 (Wb) [24] | =GJCs (DT) [24, 86] | +MCL: Cx43 (Wb) [24] | +MCL ↑GJCs [24] | Mo | NE | =GJCs (DT) [140] | Microglia | Cx32 (FC) [187] | HCs (MR, DU) [187, 192] | Cx43 (Wb) [192] | GJCs (SL) [192] | +ATP: ↑Cx43, Panx1 (Wb) [96] | +LPS GJCs [196] | | =GJCs [96] +ATP ↑GJCs (DT) [96] +ATP HCs (DU) [96] | Neutrophils | +CM: ↑Cx37, 40, 43 (Wb, IF) [217] | +CM ↑GJCs (DT) [217] |
| IL-1β | DCs | NE | =GJCs (DT) [86] | Microglia | NE | =GJCs (DT) [96] |
| IFN-γ | DCs |
=Cx43 (Wb) [87] | =GJCs (DT) [86] | HCs (DU) | +LPS GJCs [87] | Mo | NE | =GJCs (DT) [140] | +LPS GJCs [140] | KCs | =Cx43 (RT, Wb) [168] | +LPS GJCs (DT, IF) [168] | Microglia | NE | =GJCs (DT) [96] |
| IL-6 | DCs | NE | =GJCs (DT) [86] | HCs (DU) | Microglia | NE | =GJCs (DT) [96] |
| RANKL | OCs | NE | GJCs? HCs? [178] |
| CXCL12 | B cell | Cx43 Phosphorylation (Wb) | =HCs |
| RANKL/M-CSF | OCs | Cx43 (RT, Wb) [176] | GJCs (IF) [176] |
| IFN-γ/IL-6 | DCs | ND | =HCs (DU) |
| TNF-α/IL-β | DCs | Cx43 (RT, Wb) [86] | GJCs (DT) [86] | Microglia | Cx43, Panx1 (Wb) [96] | GJCs (DT) [96] |
| TNF-α/IFN-γ | DCs | ND | =GJCs (DT) [86] | Mo | Cx43 (Wb) [140] | GJCs (DT, IF) [140] | Microglia | Cx43, Panx1 (Wb) [96] | GJCs (DT) [96, 196] HCs (DU) [96] |
| TNF-/IL-β/IFN-γ | DCs | Cx43 (RT, Wb) [86] | GJCs (DT) [86] |
| TNF-/IL-β/IL-6 | DCs | NE | GJCs (DT) [86] | Microglia | Cx43, Panx1 (Wb) [96] | GJCs (DT) [96] HCs (DU) [96] |
| TNF-/IFN-/IL-6 | DCs | NE | GJCs (DT) | Microglia | Cx43, Panx1 (Wb) [96] | GJCs (DT) [96] HCs (DU) [96] |
| TNF-/IL-1/IFN-/IL-6 | DCs | NE | ↓GJCs (DT) [86] |
|
|
CM: conditioned medium, DCs: dendritic cells, DT: dye transfer, DU: dye uptake, FC: flow cytometry, IF: immunofluorescence, KCs: Kupffer cells, LPS: bacterial lipopolysaccharide, MCL: melanoma cell lysate, Mo: monocyte, NE: not evaluated, OCs: osteoclasts, RT: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, SL: scrape loading, and Wb: Western blot. Effect on HC or GJC activity: no effect (=), upregulation (↑), and downregulation of induced activity (↓).
|