Overexpression of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Human Dental Pulp Inflammation
Figure 1
Upregulated expression of RAGE in human pulp tissue from teeth with a clinical diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis. (a) The expression of RAGE in inflamed human and healthy tissue was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Total RNA was extracted from a pool of three dental pulp tissues from either pulpitis or healthy samples. RAGE mRNA levels were quantified relative to levels of GAPDH. (b) RAGE protein in inflamed and healthy pulp tissues was examined by western blot analysis. Representative blots using antibodies against RAGE and β-actin from four pulpitis and three healthy pulp tissues are shown. RAGE expression was quantified by densitometry and normalized to β-actin. Results are expressed as the means SD from three independent experiments. . (c) Immunochemical staining of RAGE in pulp tissue sections. Black arrows indicate odontoblast processes in tubules of predentin. Higher magnification of stromal pulp fibroblasts-like cells is indicated by arrowhead. RAGE expression in infiltrating inflammatory cells (). The IgG isotype control was employed at the same time and concentration (D and I) as the test antibody. Counterstaining was performed with Mayer’s hematoxylin (E and J).
