Overexpression of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Human Dental Pulp Inflammation
Figure 2
HMGB1 protein expression in the cytoplasmic extracts of human pulpitis tissues. Nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts from (a) pulpitis and (b) healthy tissues were determined by western blot analysis (). Histone and β-actin were used as loading controls for nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts. Note that HMGB1 translocates to the cytoplasmic fraction in the inflamed pulp tissues. (c) HMGB1 levels in the cytosolic fraction from both tissues were determined by ELISA. Results are expressed as the means SD from duplicate experiments. . (d) Immunofluorescence microscopy showing the localization of cytoplasmic HMGB1 in the odontoblasts (white arrow) of pulpitis tissues. HMGB1 immunoreactivity was also seen in stromal pulp fibroblasts-like cells and endothelial-like cell lining () in pulpitis tissues. HMGB1 was located in the nuclei of the odontoblasts (arrowhead) in healthy tissues. Blue depicts the nucleus stained with DAPI and green depicts the localization of HMGB1. Counterstaining was performed in Mayer’s hematoxylin (D and H). Scale bar: 100 μm.
