Ouabain Affects the Expression of Activation Markers, Cytokine Production, and Endocytosis of Human Monocytes

Figure 6

Modulation of cytokine secretion by ouabain. Cells were cultured with 10⁻⁷ M of ouabain for 24 hours or left untreated. Secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β1, and VEGF was measured in these culture supernatants by ELISA. Scatter plots indicate the level of IL-1β (a), TNF-α (b), IL-10 (c), TGF-β1 (d), and VEGF (e) measured in pg/mL and each line represents the data from one specific donor. Each condition in all experiments was performed in duplicate. ^∗𝑃<0.05 using Wilcoxon matched pairs test.

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