Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Role of Oleic Acid-Triggered Lung Injury and Inflammation

Table 3

Key features of oleic acid-triggered lung injury and inflammation.

	Oleic acid
Direct and indirect lung injury induction	x
Cytokine induction	TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β
Chemokine induction	IL-8, MIP-1α
Cell death induction	Apoptosis, necrosis
Sodium potassium ATPase inhibition	x
Immune innate response receptor activation	GPRC, NKA signalosome
Hyaline membrane formation	x
Lung hemorrhage induction	x
Lung cell infiltration/accumulation	Neutrophil, mononuclear cells
Lung function impairment	x
Protein-rich edema formation	x
Time line, course of lung injury	5 min up to 24 h
Lipid body formation	x
Lipid mediator induction	PGE2, LTB4
Intracellular pathway activation	MAPK ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt, sPLA(), caspases 3 and 6, apelin-13, and mTOR