Research Article
Elevated Serum Levels of Soluble TNF Receptors and Adhesion Molecules Are Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type-1 Diabetes
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of T1D subjects without complications and with diabetic retinopathy (DR).
| | Patient characteristics | Without any complications | With DR | value |
| | Subjects () | 482 | 196 | — | | Female (%) | 52.1 | 61.7 | 0.027 | | Age (years) | 39.1 ± 12.7 | 49.3 ± 11.6 | 1.09 − 21 | | Age range (years) | 20.0 to 73.8 | 24.6 to 73.8 | — | | Duration of disease | 18.2 ± 11.1 | 31.4 ± 10.3 | 1.09 − 21 | | Systolic BP (mmHg) | 117.8 ± 9.5 | 122.9 ± 12.1 | 1.17 − 06 | | Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.7 ± 6.4 | 73.8 ± 7.3 | 0.208 | | Diabetic nephropathy (%) | 0 | 0 | — | | Diabetic neuropathy (%) | 0 | 41.8 ( = 82) | — | | CAD (%) | 0 | 16.3 ( = 32) | — | | Dyslipidemia (N/Y) | 376/106 | 112/84 | 7.05 − 08 | | Hypertension (N/Y) | 425/57 | 117/79 | 1.14 − 16 | | Hemoglobin | 14.4 ± 1.5 | 13.7 ± 1.6 | 1.40 − 04 | | Albumin | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 1.79 − 05 | | LDL | 94.0 ± 27.4 | 102.4 ± 38.3 | 0.693 | | Total cholesterol | 174.6 ± 34.2 | 184.1 ± 47.1 | 0.565 | | Triglycerides | 90.4 ± 67.6 | 109.5 ± 94.2 | 0.395 | | HDL | 61.9 ± 17.9 | 60.7 ± 19.4 | 0.639 | | Creatinine | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 7.0 − 04 | | HbA1c | 7.8 ± 1.1 | 8.0 ± 1.3 | 0.319 | | BUN | 13.4 ± 4.5 | 16.4 ± 5.6 | 4.83 − 08 | | Microalbumin | 24.9 ± 122.3 | 85.2 ± 252.1 | 0.017 |
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