Caffeine Mitigates Lung Inflammation Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion of Lower Limbs in Rats

Figure 3

The pulmonary concentrations of (a) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), (b) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), (c) macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and (d) myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Sham: the sham-operation group. Sham + Caf: the sham plus caffeine group. IR: the lower limb ischemia-reperfusion group. IR + Caf: the IR plus caffeine group. Rats of the Sham + Caf and the IR + Caf groups received caffeine (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) immediately after reperfusion. To control for the effects of treatment vehicle, rats of the Sham and the IR group received normal saline (1.0 mL, intraperitoneal injection) at the comparable time point. One-way analysis of variance with the Bonferroni-Dunn test was used for multiple comparisons. The significance level was set at 0.05. Data were derived from 6 rats from each group and presented as mean ± standard deviation. : the IR group versus the Sham group. : the IR + Caf group versus the IR group.

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