Effect of Oral and Vaginal Hormonal Contraceptives on Inflammatory Blood Biomarkers

Table 2

Multivariate analysis of the blood inflammatory biomarkers for the selected recruited subjects.

Blood marker	Least square mean (95% CI)			P value
	Nonusers	COC	CVC	Global test	Nonuser versus COC	Nonuser versus CVC	COC versus CVC
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	285 (195, 375)	189 (104, 274)	161 (53, 270)	0.22	0.14	0.12	0.69
IL-6 (pg/mL)	1.1 (0.8, 1.5)	0.9 (0.6, 1.2)	1.1 (0.6, 1.5)	0.64	0.38	0.83	0.55
sTNF-RI (pg/mL)	975 (845, 1105)	950 (829, 1071)	805 (649, 962)	0.25	0.79	0.13	0.14
sTNF-RII (pg/mL)	4310 (3777, 4842)	4295 (3799, 4791)	4311 (3672, 4951)	1.00	0.97	1.00	0.98
sCD40L (ng/mL)	2937 (1843, 4031)	5259 (4240, 6277)	2806 (1493, 4119)	<0.01^*	<0.01^*	0.89	<0.01^*
CRP (mg/L)	0.6 (−0.2, 1.4)	3.6 (2.9, 4.4)	2.9 (2.0, 3.9)	<0.0001^*	<0.0001^*	<0.001^*	0.24
Lymphocytes (10e^9/L)	1.93 (1.67, 2.19)	2.31 (2.05, 2.57)	2.27 (1.94, 2.60)	0.14	0.0521	0.15	0.85

Note: a value of <0.05 is indicated by *. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, race, alcohol consumption, regular sleeping habit, and family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke.
MCP-1: monocytes chemotactic protein-1, IL-6: interleukin-6, sCD40L: soluble CD40 ligand, sTNF-RI: soluble tissue necrosis factor receptor I, sTNF-RII: soluble tissue necrosis factor receptor II, and CRP: C-reactive protein.