Kaurenoic Acid Possesses Leishmanicidal Activity by Triggering a NLRP12/IL-1β/cNOS/NO Pathway

Figure 1

Kaurenoic acid has a leishmanicidal effect against promastigote and amastigote forms of L. amazonensis. MTT assay in promastigote forms of L. amazonensis treated with kaurenoic acid (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 μM) or 0.2% DMSO for 24, 48, and 72 h (Panel (a)). Proliferation kinetics of L. amazonensis promastigote forms after pretreatment for 24 h with kaurenoic acid (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 μM) or 0.2% DMSO for 24, 48, 72, and 120 h (Panel (b)). Percentage of infected macrophages (Panel (c)) and number of amastigotes per macrophage after 24 h of incubation with kaurenoic acid (50, 70, and 90 μM) (Panel (d)). Data represent mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (promastigotes) and six independent experiments (amastigotes). (Significantly different from control ( compared with control group promastigotes in culture medium) (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test).)

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