Kaurenoic Acid Possesses Leishmanicidal Activity by Triggering a NLRP12/IL-1β/cNOS/NO Pathway

Figure 4

Kaurenoic acid promotes the production of active IL-1β in macrophages infected with L. amazonensis. Mapping the cytokine profiling produced in vitro by macrophages infected with L. amazonensis and treated with kaurenoic acid (50, 70, and 90 μM) for 24 h determined by ELISA. IL-12 production (Panel (a)), TNF-α production (Panel (b)), IFN-γ production (Panel (c)), TGF-β production (Panel (d)), IL-10 production (Panel (e)), and IL-1β production (Panel (f)). Data represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. (Significantly different from infected cells () (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test).)

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