Advances in T Helper 17 Cell Biology: Pathogenic Role and Potential Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

Table 1

Therapeutic approaches targeting Th17 cells in MS.

Agent	Functional role	Clinical trial identifier in MS	Clinical stage	Reference
Secukinumab (AIN457)	Neutralizes IL-17A	NCT01708603	63% reduction of new MRI lesions compared to placebo; ARR reduction not statistically significant	[71]
Ixekizumab	Neutralizes IL-17		Currently tested in psoriasis	[72]
MOR103	Neutralizes GM-CSF	NCT01517282	Did not show efficacy in MS	[73]
Ustekinumab	Neutralizes the p40 subunit common to IL-12 and IL-23	NCT00207727	Did not show efficacy in MS	[74–76]
Tildrakizumab	Neutralizes the p19 subunit specific of IL-23		Currently tested in other autoimmune diseases	[72]
Guselkumab	Neutralizes the p19 subunit specific of IL-23		Currently tested in other autoimmune diseases	[72]
AMG 139	Neutralizes the p19 subunit specific of IL-23		Currently tested in other autoimmune diseases	[72]
BI 655066	Neutralizes the p19 subunit specific of IL-23		Currently tested in other autoimmune diseases	[72]
LY3074828	Neutralizes the p19 subunit specific of IL-23		Currently tested in other autoimmune diseases	[72]
Digoxin	Interferes with RORt		Preclinical phase	[77]
Ursolic acid	Interferes with RORt		Preclinical phase	[78]
SR1001	Interferes with ROR and RORt		Preclinical phase	[79]