Exogenous S1P Exposure Potentiates Ischemic Stroke Damage That Is Reduced Possibly by Inhibiting S1P Receptor Signaling

Figure 4

FTY720 reduces brain damage and neuroinflammation in M/R-challenged mice. Mice were challenged by 90 min occlusion and brain infarction or neuroinflammation was assessed 22 h after reperfusion. FTY720 (FTY, 3 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to mice immediately after reperfusion. (a) Representative TTC-stained brain slices of M/R + saline (sal) and M/R + FTY. Photographs are coronal brain sections stained with TTC showing infarct area (white) and intact area (red). (b) Percentage of infarct volumes calculated from the TTC-stained brain slices. Infarct volume was measured using Image J software, and the percentage of infarction was assessed. (c) Neurological score demonstrating neurological functions. (-test), compared with the saline-treated group (M/R + sal) (-test). = 12~15 per group. (d, e) Representative microphotographs of cortex and striatum regions immunolabeled against Iba1 (d) or GFAP (e) and their quantitative analysis in groups of sham, M/R + sal, and M/R + FTY. , compared with the saline-treated group (M/R + sal) of each set (Newman-Keuls test). per group. Scale bar, 50 µm.

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