Role of the Immunogenic and Tolerogenic Subsets of Dendritic Cells in Multiple Sclerosis

Table 2

Effects of current therapeutic options on DCs in multiple sclerosis.

Drugs	Subset and quantity of DCs	Cytokines secreted	Surface markers
Corticosteroids	pDC↓
	cDC↓
Interferon-β	cDC↓	IL-12↓	CCR7↓
		IL-1β↓	MMP-9↓
		IL-23↓	MHC-II↓
			BDCA-2↓
	pDC↑	IL-10↑	CD83↑
	pDC1/pDC2↑	IL-27↑	B7-H1↑
Glatiramer acetate		IL-17↓	HLA-DR↓
		ROR-γ↓	CD86↓
		IL-12↓	CD40↓
		MIP-1α↓	4-1BBL↓
		IP-10↓
		IL-10↑
Natalizumab	CD209+DC↓		VLA-4↓
Fingolimod		IL-12↓
		IL-10↑
Teriflunomide		IL-6↓
		IL-8↓; MCP-1↓
Dimethyl fumarate		IL-12↓; IL-23↓
		IL-10↑
Laquinimod^※	CD1c+DC↓; CD303+DC↓		CD86↓
Daclizumab^※		IL-12↓; IL-1↓; TNF-α↓; IL-6↓; IFN-γ↓
		IL-10↑

laquinimod and daclizumab are under phase III clinical trial.