Review Article
Sphingolipids in High Fat Diet and Obesity-Related Diseases
Table 3
Sphingosine and S1P regulation by HFD or fatty acids.
| Tissue | Experimental model | Species | Alteration | Reference |
| Liver | 0.3 mM palmitate for ≤24 h in primary rat hepatocyte | S1P | Increased | [43] | 30% HFD with 40% fructose for 2 weeks in Syrian Golden hamsters | Sphingosine | Increased |
[39] | S1P | No Change | 60% HFD for 5 weeks in Wistar rats | Sphingosine, S1P | No Change | [40] | 58% HFD for 16 weeks in C57BL/6 mice | Sphingosine | Increased | [54] |
| Skeletal Muscle | 60% HFD for 6 weeks in C57BL/6 mice | Sphingosine, S1P | No Change | [41] | 0.75 mM palmitate for 16 h in C2C12 cells | S1P | Increased | [65] | 1.25 mM palmitate for 14 h in C2C12 cells | S1P | Increased |
[14] | Sphingosine | No Change | 0.75 mM palmitate for 16 h in primary mouse myotube | S1P | Increased | [48] |
| Adipose tissue | 58% HFD for 16 weeks in C57BL/6 mice | Sphingosine | Increased | [54] |
| Plasma | 42% HFD for 6 weeks in C57BL/6 mice | S1P | Increased | [42] | 42% HFD for 6 weeks in C57BL/6 mice | S1P | Increased | [8] | 58% HFD for 16 weeks in C57BL/6 mice | S1P | Increased |
[54] | Sphingosine | Increased |
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