The Impact of ATRA on Shaping Human Myeloid Cell Responses to Epithelial Cell-Derived Stimuli and on T-Lymphocyte Polarization

Figure 1

Chemokine secretion of human epithelial cells activated by IL-1β or TNF-α in the presence or absence of ATRA. Caco2 cells were activated by 10 ng/mL IL-1β or TNF-α in the presence or absence of 10 nmol ATRA. After 1 hr of activation, the supernatants were removed and the cells were washed and cultured in fresh medium. After 5 hr the supernatants of nontreated and activated Caco2 cells were collected and the relative levels of chemokines were determined by a Proteome Profiler Array used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The relative levels of the Caco2 cell-derived chemokines were determined by calculating mean pixel densities of the individual blots normalized to sample control fibrinogen. The mean SD of 4 independent measurements is shown. (a) Localization of the chemokine probes in the membranes related to the positive controls and the reference spots. (b) Representative dot blots showing the relative expression of chemokines produced by untreated Caco2 cells without or with ATRA (upper and lower panels 1) as compared to Caco2 cells stimulated by IL-1β (upper panel 2) and IL-1β in the presence of ATRA (lower panel 2). Upper and lower panels 3 correspond to Caco2 cells stimulated by TNF-α in the absence or presence of ATRA, respectively. (c) Relative expression levels of CCL chemokines produced by unstimulated Caco2 cells.

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