Mediators of Inflammation

Review Article

Altered Immunoregulation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Role of Regulatory T Cells and Proinflammatory Th17 Cells and Therapeutic Implications

Table 1

Studies assessing regulatory T (Treg) cell number and function in the peripheral blood, synovial fluid, and synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors (year)ReferenceTreg cells FoxP3 assessmentTreg suppressive activity
PBSFSMPBSF
Cao et al. (2003)[10]= to HD↑versus RA PBN.A.NoN.A.Present
Cao et al. (2004)[11]↓ versus HD↑versus RA PBN.A.NoN.A.Present
Ehrenstein et al. (2004)[35]N.A.N.A.N.A.YesImpairedN.A.
van Amelsfort et al. (2004)[12]↑ versus HD↑ versus RA PBN.A.NoPresent↑ versus RA PB
Möttönen et al. (2005)[13]= to HD↑ versus RA PBN.A.YesN.A.Present
Liu et al. (2005)[14]= to HD↑ versus RA PBN.A.NoPresentPresent
Cao et al. (2006)[15]N.A.↑ versus RA PBN.A.YesN.A.Present
Dombrecht et al. (2006)[27]= to HDN.A.N.A.NoN.A.N.A.
van Amelsfort et al. (2007)[28]N.A.N.A.N.A.NoPresentPresent
Behrens et al. (2007)[32]N.A.N.A.PresentYesN.A.N.A.
Lin et al. (2007)[25]= to HDN.A.N.A.YesN.A.N.A.
Jiao et al. (2007)[16]↓ versus HD↑ versus RA PBN.A.YesN.A.N.A.
Han et al. (2008)[24]↑ versus HDN.A.N.A.YesPresentN.A.
Raghavan et al. (2009)[33]N.A.N.A.PresentYesN.A.Present
Sempere-Ortells et al. (2009)[19]↓ versus HDN.A.N.A.YesN.A.N.A.
Dejaco et al. (2010)[18]= to HD↑ versus RA PBN.A.NoN.A.N.A.
Kawashiri et al. (2011)[20]↓ versus HDN.A.N.A.NoN.A.N.A.
Lina et al. (2011)[23]↓ versus HDN.A.N.A.YesN.A.N.A.
Niu et al. (2012)[21]↓ versus HDN.A.N.A.YesN.A.N.A.
Xq et al. (2012)[34]N.A.N.A.Present↑ versus OA-SMN.A.N.A.
Samson et al. (2012)[22]↓ versus HDN.A.N.A.YesPresentN.A.
Ji et al. (2013)[26]= to HDN.A.N.A.YesN.A.N.A.
Moradi et al. (2014)[17]= to OA↑ versus RA PBPresentYesN.A.N.A.
Guggino et al. (2015)[36]↓ versus HDN.A.N.A.YesN.A.N.A.
PB: peripheral blood; SF: synovial fluid; SM: synovial membrane; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; OA: osteoarthritis; HD: healthy donors; N.A.: not applicable.