Nutritional Recovery with a Soybean Diet after Weaning Reduces Lipogenesis but Induces Inflammation in the Liver in Adult Rats Exposed to Protein Restriction during Intrauterine Life and Lactation

Table 1

Somatic, biochemical, and hormonal parameters from adult rats maintained on control (CC and LC groups) soybean flour (CS and LS groups), or low protein (LL group) diet after weaning until 90 days age.

Variables	Groups
	CC	CS	LC	LS	LL
Body weight (g)
Initial	78 ± 13; (10)	71 ± 11; (10)	24 ± 6^*; (12)	23 ± 3^*; (12)	28 ± 3; (13)
Final	434 ± 53; (10)	364 ± 20^#; (11)	(12)	(12)	154 ± 34^c; (13)
Serum total protein (g/L)	56 ± 2; (6)	55 ± 3; (7)	58 ± 3^a; (11)	56 ± 2^a; (7)	50 ± 3^b; (6)
Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.6 ± 0.3^B; (5)	0.6 ± 0.1^B; (5)	1.2 ± 0.5^Aa; (7)	0.6 ± 0.1^Bb; (7)	1.0 ± 0.4^ab; (6)
Serum glucose (mmol/L)	3.9 ± 1.2; (9)	4.7 ± 1.1; (7)	4.2 ± 1.1; (10)	4.5 ± 1.0; (7)	4.2 ± 1.8; (8)
Serum insulin (U/mL)	12 ± 4; (9)	33 ± 8^#; (7)	11 ± 3^b; (10)	(7)	13 ± 3^b; (8)
HOMA-IR	2.1 ± 0.7; (9)	6.6 ± 1.5^#; (7)	2.2 ± 0.9^b; (10)	5.3 ± 2.6^#a; (7)	2.5 ± 1.4^b; (8)
ALT (U/L)	28 ± 6; (5)	43 ± 8^#; (5)	45 ± 13^*; (7)	(7)	54 ± 6; (6)
AST (U/L)	104 ± 25; (5)	163 ± 55^#; (5)	177 ± 64^*; (7)	(7)	208 ± 39; (6)
GT (U/L)	9 ± 2^AB; (5)	6 ± 4^B; (5)	8 ± 3^ABab; (7)	10 ± 2^Aa; (7)	6 ± 3^b; (6)
ALP (U/L)	144 ± 21; (5)	141 ± 16; (5)	(7)	(7)	492 ± 66^a; (6)

The values are the mean ± SD of the number of rats indicated in parentheses. ^#Mean values were significantly different from the control rats (; two-way ANOVA). ^*Mean values were significantly different from the rats fed a casein diet ( < 0.05, two-way ANOVA). Means with different superscript capital letters are significantly different by two-way ANOVA and with superscript minuscule letters are significantly different by one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test ().