Mediators of Inflammation

Research Article

Serum Vitamin A and Inflammatory Markers in Individuals with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 1

General characteristics of individuals grouped according to diagnoses.


Variables	Controls ( = 50)	COPD ( = 50)	value

Gender F/M ()	21/29	20/30	0.80
Active smokers (%)	61	43	0.53
Pack/years	35.0 (26.2–41.5)	50.0 (30.0–60.0)	0.01
Age (years)	48.5 ± 7.4	64.0 ± 8.8	<0.001
FEV₁ (%)	110.0 ± 15.7	49.8 ± 16.8	<0.001
FEV₁/FVC (%)	81.0 (77.0–84.0)	48.0 (38.0–61.0)	<0.001
6 MWD (m)	562.5 (497.9–624.0)	411.0 (357.0–486.0)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	24.4 (22.5–26.5)	24.8 (22.3–27.6)	0.41
FFM (kg)	47.0 (39.4–53.4)	42.1 (37.3–45.6)	0.01
IFFM (kg/m²)	17.4 (15.4–18.2)	16.3 (14.8–17.5)	0.06

Data are reported as the means ± SD or as the medians (interquartile range (25–75%)). F/M = female/male; FEV₁ = forced expiratory volume in the first second (% of predicted); FVC = forced vital capacity (% of predicted); 6 MWD: six-minute walk distance; FFM: fat-free mass; IFFM: index fat-free mass. The values refer to COPD compared with the control (unpaired -test or Mann-Whitney test and chi-square).