Serum Vitamin A and Inflammatory Markers in Individuals with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 3

Energy, protein, and vitamin A intake and serum vitamin A.

Variables	Control ( = 50)	COPD ( = 50)	value
Energy (Kcal/day)	2545 (2034–2907)	2525 (1811–3092)	0.79
Energy (Kcal/kg/day)	39.4 (29.6–45.9)	36.7 (27.6–48.0)	0.73
Protein (g/day)	77.8 (64.7–102.1)	68.2 (43.5–89.4)	0.01
Protein (g/kg/day)	1.2 (0.9–1.5)	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	0.01
Vitamin A intake (RAE)	918.0 (592.1–1654.6)	636.9 (339.6–1349.6)	0.05
Vitamin A (serum) (μmol/L)	2.1 (1.8–2.4)	1.8 (1.2–2.1)	<0.001

RAE: retinol activity equivalent. Data are reported as the median (interquartile range (25–75%)). The values refer to COPD compared with the control (Mann-Whitney test).