Intranasal Dexmedetomidine on Stress Hormones, Inflammatory Markers, and Postoperative Analgesia after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Figure 5

Hemodynamic variables of patients receiving intranasal DEX and placebo at each recording time point. Values are given as Mean ± SD. ; . Baseline (T0), 5, 30 min after intranasal instillation (T1, 2), before local anesthesia (T3), the beginning of the operation (T4), 30 min after operation (T5), the end of operation (T6), and out of PACU (T7). Between-group comparison of hemodynamic variables at the same time period after intranasal drugs (from T3 to T7); DEX group was lower compared to Placebo group (, , resp.).

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