A Traditional Chinese Medicine Xiao-Ai-Tong Suppresses Pain through Modulation of Cytokines and Prevents Adverse Reactions of Morphine Treatment in Bone Cancer Pain Patients

Figure 2

Effects of repetitive oral administration of XAT on the adverse reactions accompanied with cancer pain and/or morphine treatment. The Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to score the adverse reactions. The higher the score, the worse the adverse reaction. These adverse reactions included constipation (a), nausea (b), fatigue (c), and anorexia (d). Comparisons were made among groups of morphine, XAT, and combination of XAT and morphine at two different doses. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Number of patients in each group is indicated in the parentheses and all of the patients indicated in (a–d) were the same patients included in Figure 1(a) and they received the same treatments in the same protocols in the corresponding groups. The evaluation was made on day 7 and day 10, that is, 1 and 4 days after termination of the last treatment. One-way ANOVA. and versus the same group before therapy. ^# and ^## versus morphine after therapy in the corresponding group.

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