A Traditional Chinese Medicine Xiao-Ai-Tong Suppresses Pain through Modulation of Cytokines and Prevents Adverse Reactions of Morphine Treatment in Bone Cancer Pain Patients

Figure 3

Effects of repetitive oral administration of XAT, morphine, and their combinations on the blood cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10. ELISA was used to measure these cytokines in blood from the cancer pain patients. Number of patients in each group is indicated in the parentheses and all of these patients were the same patients included in Figure 1(a) and they received the same treatments in the same protocols in the corresponding groups. The blood samples were collected on day 7, that is, 1 day after termination of the last treatment. One-way ANOVA. and versus the same group before therapy. ^# versus morphine after therapy in the corresponding group.

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