HIV Progression Perturbs the Balance of the Cell-Mediated and Anti-Inflammatory Adaptive and Innate Mycobacterial Immune Response

Figure 1

HIV progression increases immune skewing towards IL-4 and away from IFN-γ amongst CD4⁺, CD8⁺, Double Negative (CD3⁺CD4⁻CD8⁻), and CD56⁺ lymphocytes. PBMCs from HIV-TB coinfected patients were stimulated with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) lysate to measure the CD4, CD8, NK (CD56⁺CD3⁻), and Double Negative (CD3⁺CD4⁻CD8⁻) lymphocyte response. (a and b) Representative dot plots illustrating definition of M. bovis IFN-γ and IL-4 responses based on CD4 cell count. Full gating strategy is available in Supplemental Figure 2. (c) Percentage of CD4 cells producing mycobacterial-specific IFN-γ based on CD4 : CD8 ratio. (d) Percentage of CD4 cells producing mycobacterial-specific IL-4 based on CD4 : CD8 ratio. (e) Spearman correlation of the mycobacteria-specific IL-4 : IFN-γ ratio based on the CD4 : CD8 ratio for CD4 cells, CD8 cells, CD56 cells, and Double Negative Lymphocytes. (f) Percentage of CD8 lymphocytes, CD56 lymphocytes, or Double Negative Lymphocytes based on declining CD4 cell percentage.

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