Conjugated Bilirubin Differentially Regulates CD4+ T Effector Cells and T Regulatory Cell Function through Outside-In and Inside-Out Mechanisms: The Effects of HAV Cell Surface Receptor and Intracellular Signaling

Figure 1

CB causes a decrease in the degree of tyrosine phosphorylation in human CD4+ TLs in vitro. Purified CD4+ TLs from pediatric healthy donors were incubated at 37°C, 5% CO₂, 30 min, under different conditions: (a) TLs without stimulus. (b) TLs with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. (c) TLs with anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and 0.3 mg/dL CB. (d) TLs with anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and 2 mg/dL CB. (e) TLs with anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and 15 mg/dL CB. Cells were subsequently recovered and stained with an anti-pTyr mAb and then analyzed by using flow cytometry. Representative dot plots are shown (a–e). (f) The medians and standard deviations of three repetitions are presented. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis for comparison between groups was used to calculate statistical significance. was considered statically significant. .

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