Dietary Cocoa Powder Improves Hyperlipidemia and Reduces Atherosclerosis in apoE Deficient Mice through the Inhibition of Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Figure 4

(a) Xanthine oxidase (XOD) protein activity of the plasma and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) mRNA expression in the liver. for each group (pooled samples). (b) RT-PCR results of mRNA expression in the liver. for each group. Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), hypoxia upregulated 1 (Hyou1), and x-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA expression levels were analyzed by RT-PCR as described in Section 2. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. , versus control.

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