| | Characteristics | HC | SLE |
| | Number of patients | 22 | 41 | | Female sex, (%) | 20 (90.9) | 38 (92.7) | | Age at sampling, median (IQR), years | 31.5 (25.0–34.3) | 30.0 (24.0–42.0) | | Age at diagnosis, median (IQR), years | NA | 25.0 (20.0–38.7) | | Disease duration, median (IQR), years | NA | 4.0 (1.0–9.0) | | Clinical features | | | | SLEDAI, median (IQR) | NA | 12.0 (8.0–14.0) | | ESR, mm/hour, median (IQR) | NA | 29.0 (12.0–45.0) | | CRP, mg/dL, median (IQR) | NA | 1.1 (0.3–2.1) | | Positivity of anti-dsDNA, (%) | NA | 26 (63.4) | | Positivity of anti-Sm, (%) | NA | 23 (56.1) | | Positivity of anti-SSA/SSB, (%) | NA | 14 (34.1) | | Skin symptoms, (%) | NA | 21 (51.2) | | Neurological symptoms, (%) | NA | 2 (4.9) | | Haematological symptoms, (%) | NA | 23 (56.1) | | Renal disorder, (%) | NA | 9 (22.0) | | Arthritis, (%) | NA | 28 (68.3) | | Cardiovascular risk factors, (%) | | | | Smoking | 2 (9.1) | 3 (7.3) | | Diabetes mellitus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | | Hyperlipidemia | 3 (13.6) | 7 (17.1) | | Hypertension | 4 (18.2) | 9 (22.0) | | Treatment, (%) | | | | None or NSAIDs | NA | 5 (12.2) | | Antimalarial drugs | NA | 32 (78.0) | | Glucocorticoids | NA | 16 (39.0) | | Immunosuppressive drugs | NA | 6 (14.6) |
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Values are presented as median (interquartile range, IQR) or number (percentage). SLEDAI, SLE disease activity index; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NA, not applicable; azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil.
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