Increased Kappa/Lambda Hybrid Antibody in Serum Is a Novel Biomarker Related to Disease Activity and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of patients with early RA, established RA, and controls.

	Early RA	Established RA	OA	HC
Sex (F/M)	11/5	34/8	12/8	7/13
Age (years)	58.18 ± 16.19	56 ± 15.65	61.57 ± 13.11	43.21 ± 14.20
Disease duration	<6 months	8.81 ± 8.12 years	NA	0
Treatment
Methotrexate	0	10	NA	0
Sulfasalazine	0	2	NA	0
Leflunomide	0	24	NA	0
Glucocorticoids	0	16	NA	0
Biologics	0	13	NA	0
Clinical character
RF positivity (%)	62.5	82.9	NA	NA
ACPA positivity (%)	62.5	71.8	NA	NA
CRP (mg/L)	3.83 ± 4.57	2.15 ± 2.80	NA	NA
ESR (mm/h)	66.57 ± 26.61	39.02 ± 31.91	NA	NA
D-dimer (g/mL)	1426 ± 1598	604 ± 640	NA	NA

Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ACPA, anti-citrullinated proteins antibodies; CRP, C reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HC, healthy controls; NA, not analyzed; OA, osteoarthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RF, rheumatoid factor.