Interleukin-17A Gene Variability in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Periodontitis: Its Correlation with IL-17 Levels and the Occurrence of Periodontopathic Bacteria

Table 1

Demographic data of the healthy controls and the studied subjects with CP, T1DM (and the T1DM + CP subgroup).

Characteristics	Controls	CP	T1DM	T1DM + CP
Age (mean years ± SD)	48.5 ± 10.7	52.5 ± 9.8	46.4 ± 13.8	49.9 ± 10.6
Sex (males/females)	75/79	112/132	67/58	16/22
Smoking (no/yes, %)	71.1/28.9	73.9/26.1	78.9/21.1^#	78.9/21.1
BMI (mean ± SD)	23.2 ± 4.6	26.4 ± 3.7	25.0 ± 4.9	25.3 ± 3.1
Duration of DM; (mean years ± SD)	—	—	22.8 ± 10.3	24.0 ± 11.3
HbA1c (mmol/mol, mean ± SD)	—	—	76.5 ± 17.3	69.9 ± 11.4
DN (no/yes, %)	—	—	52.9/47.1	71.9/28.1
DR (no/yes, %)	—	—	30.4/69.6	42.4/57.6
DPN (no/yes, %)	—	—	39.3/60.7	47.1/52.9

BMI = body mass index, CP = chronic periodontitis, DN = diabetic nephropathy, DPN = diabetic peripheral neuropathy, DR = diabetic retinopathy, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin, = number of subjects, SD = standard deviation, and T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus.
^#Smoking status is known only in T1DM patients with CP.