Smoking Functions as a Negative Regulator of IGF1 and Impairs Adipokine Network in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Table 1

Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the Gothenburg (Sweden) and Leiden (The Netherlands) study cohorts.

	Gothenburg	Leiden	values
Age, years	57.0 [47.0–63.0]	56.9 [47.4–68.7]	ns
Gender, female/male (%)	256/95 (73%)	129/63 (67%)	ns
BMI, kg/m^2,	25.7 [22.6–29.0]	25.8 [23.6–27.7]	ns
Disease duration, years	8.0 [3.0–15.0]	0.4 [0.2–0.9]
DAS28,	3.02 [1.90–4.06]	5.17 [4.46–5.91]
VAS-pain, mm,	27.0 [12.0–51.0]	46.0 [28.0–64.3]
RF pos./neg. (%)	228/94 (71%)	115/77 (60%)
Smoking habits, (%)
Smokers	68 (19%)	58 (30%)
Former smokers	150 (43%)	27 (14%)
Never smokers	132 (38%)	108 (56%)

Continuous variables are presented as median [IQR].
BMI: body mass index; DAS: disease activity score; VAS: visual assessment scale; RF: rheumatoid factor
Groups were compared with Mann-Whitney or Chi-square test.