Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Possible Roles of Adipokines

Table 1

Cell types affected in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model or in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Adipokine	EAE	Multiple sclerosis	Reference
Leptin		↓ IFN-γ- and IL-17-secreting T cells in patients treated with Metformin; ↓ TNF-α- and IL-6-secreting T cells in patients treated with Pioglitazone; ↑ CD4+CD25+FoxP3 Treg in patients treated with Metformin and Pioglitazone	[72]
		↓ NK cells, ↓ B cells, ↓ CD4+DR+ T cells, and ↓ CD4+CD45RA+ T cells in patients treated with GA	[73]
		↓ nTreg cells in patients with RRMS	[74]
	↓ CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD11b+Gr1+ granulocytes in ENdothelial leptin receptor-specific Knock-Out (ENKO)		[32]
Adiponectin	Adiponectin treatment is associated with increase in Treg		[36]