Association of Heme Oxygenase 1 with Lung Protection in Malaria-Associated ALI/ARDS

Figure 4

Induction of HO-1 defends the alveolar capillary barrier. (a) VEGF serum levels determined by ELISA (Mann–Whitney test, , ). (b) Lung endothelial permeability test (Mann–Whitney test, , ). (c) Permeability test of hemin treated (20 μM) and nontreated (NT) PLMC (PbA: PLMC stimulated with PbA lysate). Significant difference versus nonstimulated is represented by “” and significant difference versus extract is represented by “” (Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, , , , , and ). (d) Pictures of PLMC by fluorescent microscopy (scale bars: 50 μm). Ten to twenty pictures were taken for each culture and the most representative are presented in (d) (white arrows are pointing to opening interendothelial junctions (OIJ)). The graph (bottom right) represents the ratio of the area of OIJ per total area of each picture (Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, , , , and ). Hemin was given at 5, 10, and 20 μM.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)