Pulmonary Remodeling in Equine Asthma: What Do We Know about Mediators of Inflammation in the Horse?

Table 1

Parallels and differences between equine and humane asthma. IAD = inflammatory airway disease, RAO = recurrent airway obstruction, ASM = airway smooth muscle, and ECM = extracellular matrix.

	Mild-to-moderate equine asthma (IAD)	Severe equine asthma (RAO)	Mild human asthma	Severe human asthma
Airway hyperresponsiveness	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Airway obstruction	Subclinical	Partly reversible	Reversible	Partly reversible
Environmental origin	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Genetic origin	No data	Yes	Yes	Conflicting evidence
ASM dysfunction	No data	Yes	Yes	Yes
ECM remodeling	Conflicting evidence	Yes	Yes	Yes
Airway neutrophilia	Neutrophilic subtype	Yes	Neutrophilic endotype	Yes
Airway eosinophilia	Eosinophilic subtype	No	Yes	Yes