Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Malondialdehyde as Potential Predictors of Vascular Risk Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-Sectional Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia
Table 1
Basic laboratory investigations in the different studied groups.
Variables
Normal control
Controlled DM
Uncontrolled DM
value
FBG (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD
85.19 ± 7.2
116.33 ± 18.08
192.5 ± 66.8
<0.001
Median (min–max)
84.5 (77–100)
122 (83–142)
175 (99–373)
HbA1c (%)
Mean ± SD
4.91 ± 0.44
5.9 ± 0.83
9.65 ± 1.48
<0.001
Median (min–max)
4.95 (4–5.5)
6 (4–7.5)
9.75 (7.3–12.4)
Albumin (g/dL)
Mean ± SD
4.18 ± 0.31
3.2 ± 0.8
3.5 ± 0.72
<0.001
Median (min–max)
4.1 (3.8–4.8)
3.1 (2–4.8)
3.7 (1.6–4.6)
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD
0.61 ± 0.25
0.56 ± 0.39
0.9 ± 1.43
0.35
Median (min–max)
0.54 (0.2–1)
0.4 (0.1–1.6)
0.5 (0.1–6.7)
Total protein (g/dL)
Mean ± SD
7.17 ± 0.71
6.73 ± 1.18
7.03 ± 1.33
0.45
Median (min–max)
7.15 (5.9–8.3)
6.5 (3.7–8.9)
7.15 (1–10)
ALT (U/L)
Mean ± SD
16.75 ± 3.55
42.19 ± 27.4
38.47 ± 30.2
0.15
Median (min–max)
17 (11–21)
31 (8–95)
28.5 (10–172)
AST (U/L)
Mean ± SD
23.56 ± 5.30
46.1 ± 50.16
30.81 ± 39.13
0.14
Median (min–max)
23 (12–31)
29 (10–211)
19.5 (10–241)
ALP (U/L)
Mean ± SD
49.88 ± 5.01
90.93 ± 47.98
124.3 ± 96.76
0.003
Median (min–max)
50 (40–57)
78 (23–222)
103.5 (18–623)
Urea (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD
21.75 ± 3.1
33.93 ± 28.2
44.88 ± 34.93
0.03
Median (min–max)
21 (17–28)
26.5 (6–152)
33 (0.8–161)
Creatinine (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD
0.83 ± 19
1.3 ± 1.22
1.24 ± 1.53
0.45
Median (min–max)
0.8 (0.6–1.2)
0.8 (0.4–4.5)
0.8 (0.4–8.9)
TC (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD
62.31 ± 7.6
105.67 ± 34.27
182.89 ± 40.18
<0.001
Median (min–max)
60.5 (50–74)
100 (60–220)
186.5 (101–266)
TG (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD
52.73 ± 7.16
103.41 ± 56.09
183.11 ± 101.96
<0.001
Median (min–max)
52.5 (41–67)
88 (50–339)
177 (78–505)
LDL-C (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD
63.63 ± 5.86
64.85 ± 20.25
134.41 ± 36.9
<0.001
Median (min–max)
62 (56–75)
70 (6–90)
134.5 (70–212)
HDL-C (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD
63.06 ± 11.62
48.92 ± 12.2
35.89 ± 9.7
<0.001
Median (min–max)
64 (35–80)
49 (28–90)
35 (7–64)
Controlled DM versus control group. Uncontrolled DM versus control group. Uncontrolled DM versus controlled DM groups. : number of cases. Significant ( value < 0.05). Highly significant ( value < 0.001).
