Effect of Preoperative Inflammatory Status and Comorbidities on Pain Resolution and Persistent Postsurgical Pain after Inguinal Hernia Repair

Table 1

Characteristics of patients with and without persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) at 3 months after surgery according to postoperative group of treatment.

	Group ketorolac		Group tramadol
	No PPSP	PPSP	No PPSP	PPSP
	()	()	()	()
Age (years)	58 ± 14	49 ± 14	56 ±15	58 ± 11
BMI (kg/m^2)	25 ± 2.4	25 ± 2.8	25 ± 3.0	26 ± 3.0
Preoperative NLR	2.3 ± 0.9	1.85 ± 0.2	2.3 ± 0.9	1.87 ± 0.5
Proinflammatory condition ()	8 [8%]	0 [0%]	9 [10%]	1 [17%]
Hypertension ()	20 [23%]	5 [42%]	21 [23%]	2 [33%]
Anxiety depression ( - %)	7 [8%]	1 [8%]	8 [9%]	1 [17%]
Postoperative NRS ≥ 6/10 at 24 h ()	8 [9%]	1 [13%]	7 [8%]	0 [0%]
Type of anesthesia ()
General	22 [26%]	2 [17%]	20 [22%]	0 [0%]
Spinal	40 [47%]	1 [8%]	46 [51%]	2 [33%]
Local infiltration	24 [28%]	9 [75%]	24 [27%]	4 [67%]

⁢ between patients with PPSP and patients with no PPSP in ketorolac group of treatment; between patients with PPSP and patients with no PPSP in ketorolac group of treatment. There were no other statistically significant differences among the groups presented in the table. Proinflammatory condition was defined as follows: either the presence or combination of BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², NLR ≥ 4, or the existence of a proinflammatory medical condition (rheumatologic disease, bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, and migraine headache).