Review Article
Interaction between Cannabinoid System and Toll-Like Receptors Controls Inflammation
Table 1
Cannabinoid effects on in vitro TLR responses.
| Cells | Stimulus | Effect | Reference |
| Alveolar macrophages | LPS | ↓ inflammatory cytokines | Baldwin et al. [16] | | Pacifici et al. [17] |
| Monocytes | LPS | ↓ inflammatory cytokines | Zurier et al. [95] | Impairs differentiation to dendritic cells | Roth et al. [122] |
| Thioglycollate-elicited macrophages | LPS | ↓ tumor necrosis factor-α protein processing | Zheng and Specter [99] | ↑ interleukin-1β | Zhu et al. [94] | LPS/interferon-γ | ↓ nitric oxide synthase-2 | Coffey et al. [102] | ↓ nitric oxide | Mestre et al. [92] | ↑ interleukin-10 | Correa et al. [109] |
| Blood mononuclear cells | LPS | ↓ interleukin-1α | Watzl et al. [96] | Biphasic dose-response | Berdyshev et al. [97] |
| Microglial cells | LPS | ↓ cytokine mRNA | Puffenbarger et al. [103] | ↑ IL-1 receptor antagonist | Molina-Holgado et al. [111] | ↓ nitric oxide | Merighi et al. [123] | LPS/interferon-γ | ↑ interleukin-10 | Correa et al. [110] | ↓ nitric oxide | Waksman et al. [124] |
| Dendritic cells | LPS | ↓ TLR4 expression | Xu et al. [106] |
| BV-2 cells | LPS | ↓ NF-κB activity | More et al. [101] | ↓ cytokine mRNA | | ↓ interferon-β mRNA | Kozela et al. [125] |
| J774 cells | LPS | ↓ nitric oxide | Chang et al. [93] | ↓ interleukin-6 | | ↓ cyclooxygenase-2 | |
| RAW 264.7 cells | LPS | ↓ tumor necrosis factor-α protein processing | Fischer-Stenger et al. [100] | ↓ nitric oxide synthase-2 | Jeon et al. [104] | ↓ nitric oxide | | ↓ NF-κB activity | |
| TLR4-transfected HEK293 cells | LPS | ↓ interferon-β mRNA | Downer et al. [126] | ↓ IRF3 activity | |
| Glioma U87MG cells | Peptidoglycan | ↓ NF-κB activity | Echigo et al. [105] |
| TLR3-transfected HEK293 cells | Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid | ↑ interferon-β mRNA | Downer et al. [127] | ↑ IRF3 activity | Downer et al. [126] | ↓ tumor necrosis factor-α | | ↓ NF-κB activity | |
| Blood mononuclear cells | Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid | ↑ interferon-β mRNA | Downer et al. [126] | ↓ tumor necrosis factor-α | |
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