Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in the Development of Lupus Nephritis

Table 3

Mechanisms of chemokine induction in lupus nephritic kidney.

Stimulators	Target cells	Signaling pathways	Chemokines
Self-nucleosome or nucleosome-containing IC	Mesangial cells	FcR, TLR2/4-RAGE, MyD88, NFκB	CCL2, CCL7, CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL5
Pathogenic anti-dsDNA IgG	Mesangial cells	FcR, TLR2/4-RAGE, MyD88, NFκB	CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL16, CCL7, CCL20, CX3CL1
Lymphocyte activated by immobilized IgG	Mesangial cells, glomerular capillary endothelial, proximal tubular epithelial cells	IL-1β	CCL2
LPS	Mesangial cells	TLR4, MyD88, NFκB	CCL2
LPS	Glomerular capillary endothelial	Fli1 transcription factor	CCL2, CCL5
Poly I:C RNA	Mesangial cells	TLR3, IFNβ, IRF3, NFκB	CCL2, CXCL1
Poly I:C RNA	Infiltrating macrophages and DC	TLR3	CCL2
RNA40, imiquimod	Infiltrating macrophages and DC	TLR7	CCL2
CpG-ODN, bacterial DNA	Infiltrating macrophages and DC	TLR9	CCL2, CCL5
Biglycan	Infiltrating macrophages and DC	TLR2/4, ROS	CXCL13
Phytohemagglutinin	T cells	miRNA-125a, KLF13	CCL5