Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Estradiol in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells during Staphylococcus aureus Internalization

Figure 2

E2 decreases S. aureus internalization into bMECs. bMECs were treated with the concentrations indicated of E2 (24 h), and then were challenged with S. aureus during 2 h. Data are showed as the percentage of CFU recovered after bMEC lysis. Values were determined considering the control (bMECs cultured with the vehicle 1% ethanol) as 100% internalization. Each bar shows the mean of triplicates ± SE of three independent experiments. Different letters indicate significant changes among treatments ().