12 Weeks of Combined Endurance and Resistance Training Reduces Innate Markers of Inflammation in a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Table 2
Serum signaling molecule concentrations are not altered following long-term physical exercise in MS.
Molecule
Group
Time
Mean concentration (pg/mL) ± SEM
values
IL-6
EX
PRE
0.60 ± 0.09
0.434
POST
0.54 ± 0.09
SED
PRE
0.45 ± 0.09
0.341
POST
0.54 ± 0.09
IL-10
EX
PRE
0.48 ± 0.09
0.731
POST
0.50 ± 0.09
SED
PRE
0.60 ± 0.19
0.097
POST
0.31 ± 0.04
IL-12p70
EX
PRE
0.09 ± 0.01
0.312
POST
0.12 ± 0.02
SED
PRE
0.13 ± 0.03
1.000
POST
0.13 ± 0.02
TNF-α
EX
PRE
1.07 ± 0.11
1.000
POST
1.05 ± 0.10
SED
PRE
1.37 ± 0.18
0.665
POST
1.23 ± 0.16
Caspase-1
EX
PRE
100.48 ± 9.78
0.217
POST
112.97 ± 9.81
SED
PRE
121.61 ± 25.43
1.000
POST
100.00 ± 14.64
Molecule
Group
Time
Mean concentration (ng/mL) ± SEM
values
MMP-9
EX
PRE
192.35 ± 23.43
1.000
POST
174.40 ± 17.84
SED
PRE
208.36 ± 25.59
0.368
POST
176.32 ± 20.86
DHEA
EX
PRE
16.11 ± 1.65
0.300
POST
17.06 ± 1.98
SED
PRE
16.08 ± 2.17
1.000
POST
16.18 ± 1.90
Molecule
Group
Time
Mean concentration (µg/dL) ± SEM
values
Cortisol
EX
PRE
22.17 ± 1.73
0.047
POST
23.73 ± 1.74
SED
PRE
20.07 ± 1.00
0.110
POST
21.49 ± 0.78
Molecule
Group
Time
Mean molar ratio ± SEM
values
Cortisol/DHEA
EX
PRE
13.78 ± 1.41
0.716
POST
14.50 ± 1.57
SED
PRE
12.18 ± 1.44
0.234
POST
12.80 ± 1.34
The serum concentration of signaling molecules was measured with ELISA, and the molar ratio of cortisol to DHEA was calculated. Results are shown as mean concentration or molar ratio ± SEM. IL, interleukin; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; EX, exercise group; SED, sedentary control group; PRE, baseline measurement; POST, measurement after 12 weeks; SEM, standard error of the mean.
