Exploring New Inflammatory Biomarkers and Pathways during LPS-Induced M1 Polarization

Figure 1

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) polarizes N9 microglia into M1 rather than M2 phenotype. Expression of genes [inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2), major histocompatibility complex class II (Mhc-II), arginase 1 (Arg1), found in inflammatory zone 1 (Fizz1) (a), and CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (Cx3cr1)] (b) was determined by qRT-PCR (each sample was evaluated in duplicate). Markers of classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) microglia are indicated in black and gray, respectively. CX3CR1 protein levels were assessed by Western blot analysis (c). Comparisons between LPS-treated N9 cells and nontreated cells (control) were made via two-tailed Student’s -test. Results are mean ± s.e.m. from five (a, c) or six (b) independent experiments. Results from Western blot (c) were performed in duplicate. and versus nontreated cells (control, assumed value of 1, dashed line).

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