Triptolide Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption In Vitro via Enhancing the Production of IL-10 and TGF-β1 by Regulatory T Cells

Figure 1

The cocultures of activited Tregs and BMMs. Activated Tregs and BMMs were cocultured for 5 or 12 days at different ratios in either cell contact wells or Transwells in the presence of 20 ng/mL M-CSF and 100 ng/mL RANKL. (a) The purification of Tregs was assessed by flow cytometry. (b) The cells were stained with TRAP, and the TRAP-positive cells containing 3 or more nuclei were scored. Scale bars = 100 μm. (c) The area of the bone resorption pits of the osteoclasts was visualized by toluidine blue staining and measured using an image analysis program. Scale bars = 100 μm. (d) The IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels in the coculture supernatants were measured by ELISA. and compared with the control groups (BMM alone groups).

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