Stimulation Characterization of induced Breg Immunosuppressive effect (mechanism of action) Reference CD19 positive selection CpG (10 ug/mL) + CD40L (1 ug/mL) for 24 hours CD24hi CD27+ IL-10+ Inhibition of TNF-α production by antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and by monocytes Both CD24hi CD27+ B cell and CD24low CD27− B cell inhibit TNF-α production by CD4+ T cell equally (IL-10 independent pathway) [15 ] CD22 positive selection CpG (0.5 μ M) + BAFF (20 μ M) + rHIL-4 (50 U/mL) for 24 hours IL-10+ IL-6+ Increased expression of TLR9 — [61 ] CD19 negative selection Anti-IgA+IgG+IgM (6.5 μ g/mL) + IL-21 (50 ng/mL) for 16 hours CD38+ CD1d+ IgM+ CD147+ IL-10+ CD25+ IDO+ Suppression of autologous CD4+ T cell proliferation (GzmB mediated) [36 ] CD19 negative selection CpG (1 µ M) + PPD for 48 hours CD73− CD25+ CD71+ IL-10+ Enriched in: CD5+ IgM+ IgD− IL-10+ CD27+ have less CD27 MFI than IL-10− CD27+ Suppression of autologous PPD-stimulated CD4+ T cell proliferation (IL-10 mediated) [14 ] CD19 negative selection Ultra-CD40L (5% solution) and 200 IU/mL of IL-4 for 5 days Increased expression levels of CD39 Downregulated CD73 Suppression of autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation (likely to be partially mediated by ADO and 5′-AMP production by B cell) [62 ] CD19 positive selection IL-2 (10 ng/mL) + IL-6 (10 ng/mL) + CpG 2006 (1 µ g/mL) + IFN-α or IFN-β (1,000 U/mL) for 4 days CD27int CD38+ plasmablasts from naïve and immature B cells — [23 ] PBMC or CD43 negative selection LPS (10 µ g/mL) + IL-4 (10 ng/mL) + rHIL-35 single-chain fusion protein (100 ng/mL) for 4 days IL-10+ — [35 ] CD19 positive selection Irradiated CDw32L expressing anti-CD40 mAb CD11b− CD5− CD27− IgD+ CD1dhi IL-10+ Suppression of autologous T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production [60 ] CD19 negative selection CpG (3 μ g/mL) + anti-IgA + IgG + IgM (10 μ g/mL) for 48 h CD11c+ IL-10+ Enriched in CD38+ CD27− GCs Depleted in CD38+ CD27+ PCs — [16 ] CD19 negative selection CpG (10 μ g/mL) + rHCD40L for 48 hours CD5+ CD27+ CD138+ CD38+ IgD− GzmB+ Inhibition of proliferation of autologous CD4+ CD25− T cell (GzmB mediated) [12 ] CD19 negative selection CpG (0.25 μ M) for 4 days — Effects on CD4+ autologous T cell: Suppression of proliferation and differentiation into Th1 cell Reduction of TNF-α and IFN-γ production Induction of Foxp3+ CD4+ T cell, Tr1 cell, and Th3 cell Upregulation of CTLA-4 (IL-10, TGF-β , IDO, and CTLA-4 mediated) [37 ] CD43 negative selection from tonsils Adipose tissue derived MSC (ratio B cell : MSC 5 : 1) + anti-IgM (10 μ g/mL) + IL-2 (103 IU) + anti-CD40 agonistic mAb (5 μ g/mL) for 10 days CD19+ CD27− CD38hi CD24hi IL10+ — [63 ] CD19 positive selection CD40L (2 mg/mL) + IL-4 (200 IU/mL) for 4 days CD24hi CD38hi CD25+ CD39hi CD73hi Decrease in CD69 expression and proliferation Increase of IL-6 secretion from autologous T effector CD4+ (ADO-A2AR mechanism) [64 ] CD19 positive selection from cord blood Irradiated CD40L transfected L cells + CpG and anti-BCR for 4 days IL10+ found either in CD24hi CD38hi or CD24int CD38int Suppression of proliferation of allogeneic CD4+ T cell Suppression of secretion of IFN-γ , TNF-α , and IL-2 by allogeneic CD4+ T cell [65 ] PBMC 50% conditioned media with APRIL for 3 days + CpG (10 μ g/mL) for additional 24 hours IL-10+ Decrease of IFN-γ and TNF-α production from autologous CD4+ T cell [66 ]