|
| Virus family | Species name | Genome structure | Affected CNS regions | BBB or BCSFB |
|
| Retroviridae | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [57] | (+)ssRNA | Meninges, cerebral cortex, white matter, brain stem, ependyma | BBB |
|
| Herpesviridae | Varicella zoster virus (VZV) [58] | dsDNA | Meninges, brainstem, subependymal vessels | BBB |
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) [59] | dsDNA | Cerebral cortex, white matter, ependyma, CP | BBB/BCSFB |
| Human herpes virus-6 (HH-6) [60] | dsDNA | Front lobe, thalamus, white matter | BBB |
| Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) [61] | dsDNA | Cerebral cortex | BBB |
| Epstein Barr virus (EBV) [62] | dsDNA | Meninges, spinal cord, peripheral nerves | BBB |
|
| Picornaviridae | Nonpolio enterovirus (NPEV) [63] | (+)ssRNA | CP, cerebellum | BBB/BCSFB |
| Poliovirus (PV) [64] | (+)ssRNA | Brain stem | BBB |
| Human parechovirus (HPeV) [65] | (+)ssRNA | Meninges, ependyma, CP | BBB/BCSFB |
|
| Flaviviridae | Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) [66] | (+)ssRNA | Cerebral cortex | BBB |
| West Nile virus (WNV) [67] | (+)ssRNA | Cerebral cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, brain stem, cerebellum | BBB |
| Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) [68] | (+)ssRNA | Meninges, cerebral cortex | BBB |
|
| Paramyxoviridae | Measles virus (MV) [69] | (−)ssRNA | Meninges, cerebral cortex | BBB |
| Mumps virus (MuV) [70] | (−)ssRNA | Meninges, ependyma, CP | BBB/BCSFB |
|
| Rhabdoviridae | Rabies virus (RV) [71] | (−)ssRNA | Thalamus, hippocampus, brain stem | BBB |
|
| Polyomaviridae | John Cunningham virus (JCV) [72] | dsDNA | Subcortical white matter | BBB |
|
| Togaviridae | Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) [73] | (+)ssRNA | White matter, CP, meninges | BBB/BCSFB |
| Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) [74] | (+)ssRNA | Brain stem, thalamus | BBB |
|
