Platelet-Released Growth Factors Modulate the Secretion of Cytokines in Synoviocytes under Inflammatory Joint Disease

Figure 2

In vitro model for inflammatory. K4IM was pretreated with 2, 5, 10, and 20 ng/ml TNF-α for one hour and 30 minutes. (a) Using 10 ng/ml TNF-α, the release of endogenous TNF-α is significantly higher than the control group at both 30 min and 60 minutes. (b) The release of IL-6 is also significantly higher than the control group after 30 and 60 minutes. For in vitro inflammatory model, cells were pretreated with 10 ng/ml TNF-α for 30 minutes. The ELISA results were confirmed by gene expression analysis where 10 ng/ml TNF-α led to a peak relative TNF-α expression (c) and an increase in IL-6 expression (d), respectively. When a concentration of 20 ng/ml of TNF-α was applied, the cell morphology deteriorated dramatically and apoptosis was induced after 60 min (e). Significant versus the control group without TNF-α, .

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