Activated Platelets Induce an Anti-Inflammatory Response of Monocytes/Macrophages through Cross-Regulation of PGE₂ and Cytokines

Figure 9

Summary of the platelet-induced crosstalk between PGE₂, IL-10, and TNFα in murine macrophages and human monocytes. Activated platelets produce and release PGE₂ in cocultures with macrophages. PGE₂ binds to EP1, EP2 (orange), and in case of murine macrophages additionally to EP4 (green). The binding of PGE₂ to EP1 decreased synthesis and secretion of TNFα independently of IL-10. The activation of EP2 and EP4 in murine macrophages and EP2 in human monocytes increased the secretion of IL-10 which binds to its receptor IL-10 R, leading to an inhibition of the production and release of TNFα.