IL-34 Upregulated Th17 Production through Increased IL-6 Expression by Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes

Figure 1

Serum IL-34 levels in RA patients were elevated and correlated with CRP, ESR, RF, and anti-CCP antibody levels. (a) Serum concentrations of IL-34 were measured by ELISA in RA patients () and healthy controls (). Data were expressed as the mean ± SEM. . (b) The IL-34 concentrations of RA patients were correlated significantly with CRP (, ), ESR (, ), RF (, ), and anti-CCP antibody (, ) (). Correlations between variables were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation.

(a)

(b)